More Channels, Lower Scores: Entertainment Television and Student Achievement

Author: Andrea Caria (University of Cagliari)Daniele Checchi (University of Milan)Dimitri Paolini (University of Sassari)Paolo Pinotti (Bocconi University)
Posted: 17 June 2026

Abstract

We study the effects of expanded entertainment television on children’s academic performance leveraging the staggered transition from analog to digital TV across Italian provinces between 2008 and 2012, which greatly increased children’s entertainment content, and administrative data on standardized test scores for entire cohorts of primary and middle school students. Availability of digital TV reduced literacy and math performance by 0.08 and 0.12 standard deviations, respectively, implying effects of −0.20 and −0.30 standard deviations among children who acquired access to digital TV along the transition. Effects are larger among younger children and among students attending school only in the morning.
JEL codes: I21, J13, L82
Keywords: Television, Schooling, Standardized test scores