Can Parental Leave Policies Change Leave-Taking Norms? Evidence from Immigrants

Author: Delia Furtado (Department of Economics University of Connecticut)Samantha Trajkovski (Department of Economics Saint Michael’s College)Nikolaos Theodoropoulos (Department of Economics University of Cyprus)
Posted: 27 August 2025

Abstract

When maternity leave policies lower the cost of taking leave, leave durations tend to increase. If enough people extend their leaves, social norms can shift, further reinforcing longer leave-taking. This paper examines whether foreign-born mothers in the US—who are not directly subject to home country policies—respond to policy changes abroad via norms. Exploiting variation in US birth timing and policy reforms abroad, we find that increases in paid leave in immigrants’ home countries lead to longer US maternity leaves, even after accounting for country-of-origin fixed effects. Heterogeneity analyses and placebo tests also point to policy-induced shifting leave-taking norms.
JEL codes: J13, J15, J18, J22
Keywords: Maternity Leave, Gender Norms, Immigrants, Female Labor Supply